Joints and Body Movements Essay Example

Joints and Body Movements Paper Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints. In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Basic lab precautions, including keep a clean workspace and washing your hand when dealing with raw poultry. In order to ensure that this occurs layout the equipment beforehand in a clean sterile environment and follow safe work practices. Exercise 1: Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. We will write a custom essay sample on Joints and Body Movements specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Joints and Body Movements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Joints and Body Movements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Children’s heads needs to squeeze through the birth canal during delivery, humans during infancy have evolved with a soft skull composed of many different bony plates that meet at regions called cranial sutures. These sutures also allow the skull to grow rapidly during the first year of life, at which time the bones start to slowly fuse together. This allows the skull to continue to protect the skull during early development. B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? These joints are weight bearing and the joints provide stability and cushioning. Synarthrotic joint is to provide a stable union between bony surfaces. The suture and synchondrosis actually become more stable when ossification of the joint takes place. Exercise 2: Questions A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses provides an articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is connected by ligaments or elastic cartilage, such as that between the vertebrae. B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also form the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Exercise 3: Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Plane joints permit sliding or gliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost fat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthrosis permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints and the terms diarthrosis and synovial joint are considered equivalent. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? A ball and socket joint is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. It enables the bone to move in a 360Â ° angle. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? Synovial joints all have synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, capsular ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves. Exercise 4: Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? Inversion which is a gliding joint and provides little movement. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? Hinge joints in the elbow and knee contain a lot of anatomical structures packed into a tiny space and when challenged with heavy and constant use, it thus especially prone to injury and infection. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? As you perform flexion on your arm the triceps muscle relaxes. D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip? The muscles and joints of the shoulder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion, making it the most mobile joint in the human body. The shoulder can abduct, adduct rotate, be raised in front of and behind the torso and move through a full 360Â ° in the sagittal plane. Exercise 5: Observations Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. Exercise 5: Questions A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The corresponding muscle will shrink due to the decreased activity tendon. This is because when the tendon is torn the area around the tendon will not be in very much use until the tendon is repaired which can take a good while unless professionally handled. The muscle will go back to its original size once the tendon heals and the muscle is used more. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Tendons heal faster than ligaments. The reason is that tendons are connected to the muscle, which will allow them to receive a larger blood flow. Ligaments are connected to bone which supplies less blood. Blood is the key -what carries nutrients in order to repair the tissue. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments. Ligaments connect bone to bone and tendons connect bone to muscle. D. What is the function of fascia? It is responsible for maintaining structural, provides support and protection, and acts as a shock absorber. The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. Fasciae: a) Provide a sliding and gliding environment for muscles. b)Suspend organs in their proper place. c) Transmit movement from muscles to bones, and d) Provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles. [ E. What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? It causes the breakdown of the cartilage in joints. It also called degenerative arthritis. Cartilage is the joints cushion. It covers the ends of bones and allows free movement. If it becomes rough, frays, or wears away, bones grind against each other. As a result, the joint becomes irritated and inflamed. Sometimes the irritation causes abnormal bone growths, called spurs, which increase swelling. Conclusions Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other. Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems? Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints.

Entrepreneur Interview Essay Example

Entrepreneur Interview Essay Example Entrepreneur Interview Essay Entrepreneur Interview Essay The individual I chose to interview is the proprietor of the company at my current topographic point of work. Larry Godwin is the proprietor of Godwin Company. Inc. which is a forklift and golf auto gross revenues. and service company. Larry worked on his household farm turning up in Arkansas after go forthing school in the 4th class and so moved to Indianapolis when he was 18 old ages old and began working for a fan company. He got an chance for an apprenticeship place at a tool and decease company making chiefly forklift fixs. After that he went to work for Westinghouse. reconstructing electrical equipment. making machine work. and keeping their forklifts. He so decided to work for Kidney-Wood. a tow motor distributer. where he was a route technician for one twelvemonth. he was so promoted to Service Manager. After working in that place for 10 old ages. he saved $ 4. 000. 00 by working overtime on eventide and weekends so he could get down his ain concern. that concern is now a pro fitable company. I think it’s of import to indicate out that he did this with merely a 4th class degree instruction. He is a really determined individual and learned everything he knows by detecting and taking in everything he learned at his old topographic points of employment. Larry foremost opened for concern at 2222 East tenth Street in 1969 serving industrial sweepers and scrubbers for infirmaries and mills. every bit good as. serving forklift trucks. In 1971 he moved his location to 846 North Hamilton and from at that place in 1974 he made his concluding move to 1175 West 16th Street. At this current location the company gross revenues and services forklifts and golf autos. The company besides owns 1151. 1201. 1205. and 1207 West 16th Street. which they lease these edifice to other companies who use it for storage or restaurant infinite. When he foremost started the concern had a net worth of $ 4. 000. 00 and is now a multi-million dollar company. Larry started the concern with the fact in head that if he worked for person else for the remainder of his life. he would merely do peanuts. He knew he was good at what he did and he told people so. He would state his clients. I’m the best forklift machinist in the state. And with that attitude he would derive the clients concern and regard. He had basic accounting cognition and knew the every department’s actions had to be accounted for in the books. He gained a batch of his cognition by paying close attending when he worked for others in the yesteryear. He knew that the concern had to either grow or travel rearward and it took about five old ages to acquire a good hard currency flow. He took out $ 100. 000. 00 loan from the bank to assist turn the concern and paid that loan off every bit shortly as possible. It’s the lone loan the company has of all time had. You have to hold a good apprehension of the fact that you can’t turn so fast that you can’t pay your creditors and don’t go out on a limb by buying excessively much stock in the beginning and non be able to sell it fast plenty in order to pay your measures. Thingss didn’t truly smooth out until approximately ten old ages in. He suggest distributing your portfolio out so that you won’t los everything if you make one hapless pick. He besides suggest get downing with larning everything possible about something you like and inquire yourself if you can do adequate money in the beginning to raise the capital of the concern because no bank will loan you money if you do non hold capital. The biggest advise Larry gave me during the interview was you have to be honest. loyal. have unity in the concern and be able to manage or see that every ailment is handled in a timely and appropriate manner. You have to cognize that the money that your concern makes corsets in the concern. If you start taking money out of the concern history. so you are losing your net income. As the proprietor of the company you get a payroll check and that is what you use to pay your personal measures. non the company’s money. I enjoyed acquiring to cognize the proprietor of the company I work for and how the concern was started. I was really impressed with Larry’s finding and passion he has for his concern. He is an inspiration to any one wanting to get down a concern of at that place ain. With merely a 4th class instruction he was determined and observant plenty to larn from others and construct a really successful concern. I’m proud to work for a company that is built on passion. honestness. and unity.

The use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis, staging and therapy of Essay

The use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis, staging and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma - Essay Example Also, the incidence of HCC worldwide varies according to the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections. In the US, the incidence is 4 cases per 100,000. In areas such as Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the rates are as high as 120 cases per 100,000 (Stuart, 2006). It occurs more commonly in men than in women. The median age of diagnosis the United States and Europe  is 65 years. In the African and Asian countries where the incidence is high, the age of diagnosis can be even in the 4th and 5th decades. The median survival from the time of diagnosis is generally 6 months. Length of survival depends largely on the extent of cirrhosis in the liver. Cirrhotic patients have shorter survival times, and in cases of  portal vein occlusion, the prognosis is even worse (Stuart, 2006). Cure  through surgery  is possible in less than 5% of all patients. Due to the multifocality nature of the tumor and invasion of the tumor into portal vein, surgical resection can be performed only in 20% cases (Wu, 2005). Death in HCC occurs due to hepatic failure, cachexia, variceal bleeding or even due to tumor rupture and bleeding into the peritoneum. The patients generally present with symptoms related to cirrhosis like pruritus, jaundice, variceal bleeding, cachexia, pain in the hepatic region, increasing abdominal girth, splenomegaly and hepatic encephalopathy (Stuart, 2006). The etiology of cirrhosis could be alcohol induced, infections due to Hepatitis B or C, hemochromatosis, aflatoxin or even primary biliary cirrhosis, androgenic steroids, primary sclerosing cholangitis, 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Thorotrast radioactive contrast, oral contraceptives, and porphyria cutanea tarda (Stuart, 2006). In about 80% of cases, cirrhosis is the cause. However, 20% of cases are due to noncirrhotic, nonviral causes (Ulmer, 2000). Liver being the largest organ in the body varies considerably in size and configuration from